經過半世紀的沉澱，曾發生在1950年韓戰期間於南韓首都南邊老斤里地區（No Gun Ri ）的屠殺南韓難民事件，或許已無人再度提起與追責，但METAA設計團隊於2011年時以老斤里和平博物館（Nogunri Peace Museum）的成立來為受害家庭建立起一處紀念場所，並提醒著人們記得戰爭帶來的殘酷。
共同的記憶
雖然老斤里地區事件所能回溯的證據不多，但從受害者家屬的口中及些許自傳裡仍能拼湊出這段悲慘的歷史事件。或許在真相未明的情況下，對METAA來說老斤里地區事件仍像是個未完成的歷史事件，也因此創造出一處有著共同的記憶的地方所成為責任所在。
METAA同時也表示，在創造共同回憶的過程中，所設計的方向不免得在政府、受害家屬與第三方觀察者間有所衝突，也如同需在大眾所知的印象、自傳的內容與欲傳達給人們的歷史意義中獲得平衡一般；更棘手的是，對於這一未決的歷史事件，是否能由一座博物館來述說著其「歷史」或是「和平」的意義。此外，一處述說著歷史與和平的博物館，也代表著設計團隊需「從零開始」並進而創造出一處可讓參觀者在過程中產生出共同回憶的建築。
在設計的過程中，團隊也考慮到了所謂的反記憶（anti-memory），一種抗拒著官方極欲利用快速的公共紀念建築物或是象徵物來導引大眾對於歷史事件的回憶，尤其是對那些曾親身歷經過事件的人們。
對設計團隊而言，老斤里地區事件的共同回憶是一件正在進行的過程，而博物館所能反映的為事件中已知的真實部份，而無法述說著整件事的來龍去脈，或是以此做為和平的代表物。在做為一有意義的紀念建築下，博物館也可趁勢做為這歷史事件的觀察者，或者就是一座「反記憶的建築」，以空間來影響參觀者的思緒，也在這些人的體驗累積中為博物館定位。
在規劃上，設計團隊讓博物館本身及一旁雙隧道中的歷史畫面景觀等的設計有著緊密的對話。雖然一開始在基地的地勢景觀上並不容易呈現出這些設計元素所想表達的意思及方式，在設計團隊的考量下重新調整了基地的樣貌，並試圖將博物館融入周遭的地理環境中。
老斤里和平博物館銳利如刀割的外立面，也讓人連想到位於柏林由建築師丹尼爾.里伯斯金（Daniel Libeskind）所設計的猶太博物館。這個以記錄猶太人歷史為主的博物館，其閃電般不規則的建築外型，彷彿拼貼出線條，以及簡單卻充滿震撼力的穿透裝飾，讓遊客內心的感動久久無法平息。
【延伸閱讀】
METAA 事務所
http://www.metaa.net/metaa_en/main.asp
欣建築／丹尼爾.里伯斯金 用建築紀念猶太浩劫
http://www.xinmedia.com/n/news_article.aspx?newsid=288008&type=0
更多建築旅遊資訊，請上【建築行腳】專輯
http://www.xinmedia.com/n/featurestory_list.aspx?collectionid=111
更多國外建築脈動請上【國際脈動】
http://solomo.xinmedia.com/archi/news/International
編譯／蘇琨峰 圖文／METAA
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Profile
蘇琨峰／Andre
一隻喜愛新事物也對舊事物固執的牡羊。台北工專土木工程科、雲林科技大學營建工程結構組畢業，工作後決定離職前往澳洲再度充實自己並一圓留學夢，畢業於墨爾本大學經濟與商業研究所，主修商業與資訊管理。喜歡看建築、旅行探索、研究攝影、愛打網球、沉溺爵士樂當了爵士樂團薩克斯風手。目前為《欣建築／國際脈動》編譯、文字記者、辦理欣建築相關活動及國際領隊。
Nogunri Peace Museum ／METAA
150 people were dead. 13 people were missed and 55 people were injured and got a disability. It was in 1950 26 to 29 of july. However, that is incorrect number. Even more people were terrified in
the tunnel over three days. Then divided their life and death. Half of a century passed. Nobody talked about responsibility. Can not find the truth. Incident happened but nowhere could find the
clue. Thousand of the bereaved families had to perform an ancestral rites without an ancestral tablet. With all the endless efforts, the truth never reconstructed. Meanwhile, it is even
concealed.
People said that is a tragedy of war or incidental case. It was tried to pacified with other cases. However every single testimonies stated the case. This nogunri case is not a small incident that
can not buried in a huge tragedy called a war. Proclaimed a special law and memorial ceremony business is in a progress but the truth has not come yet. Still some part of the nogunri case are
covered to be told as a history. Still uncertain about the subject and the object to talk about peace. Only the victims fear and the bereaved families pain remained clearly.
Communal memory
It was only because of the memory of the bereaved families that this nogunri case is appeared to the public. Their activities were there. Only because of that activities the part of the historical
statements are exposed. This nogunri case cannot be a history even that has this much of proofs.
Some activities that we were through is belong to autobiographical memory. Historical memory is only can be learned by the historical record. However nogunri’s memory is still an active-history to
us. Therefore it is a part of process of communal memory to construct our identity.
However, in a process of communal memory, a tension is circumstanced between the desires in the incident. Desires from the government, from the victims and the bereaved families, and from the
observers. There is a tension that is made up by an universal-social memory, by an autobiographical memory of a life, and by a didactic memory for humankind. A park talking about ‘history’ or
‘peace’ is not stable in this place where still does not solved about this tension.
In addition, a museum talking about ‘history’ or ‘peace’ cannot avoid to start with emptiness in this place. An architecture start with emptiness is an architecture that is watching the process
that is going to communal memory.
Anti-memory
A memory against the official history is called ‘anti-memory’. Anti-memory is activities of every single persons and fragmented memory, and it is a memory trying intervene in some memories that is
going to be institutionalized. It is a memory that is trying reveal an aura of an official memory by rashly built monument and memorial symbols.
Experiences from people are important to build an ‘anti-memory’. Especially the experiences that is stamped on their body is very important. The spatiality that they felt at the moment is more
important then their sight when they experiences that kinds of memory.
A process of communal memory of nogunri case is present progressive. This museum of history and peace, only can inform the revealed truth, but cant claim the whole history or the peace for
somebody. It is just want to delay some history that wants to be made official in time. The museum of history and peace that has to observe the present progressive process of communal memory want
to be an architecture of ‘anti-memory’. This wants to intervene into visitor’s body as a space. And wants to be an architecture asking our identity by accumulate experiences of them.
Consideration and readjustment
Museum, memorial towel and the scene of incident (around the twin tunnel) are in a close relationship locationally and semantically. However, the given condition, in other words, the original
scheme has difficulty to approach to potential meaning of the incident between three elements. Before considerate the site as a place that will be really experienced by visitors, we suggest
readjustment the site first. The museum will be a part of this scenery.
【More Information】
METAA
http://www.metaa.net/metaa_en/main.asp
Libeskind／Ohio Statehouse Holocaust Memorial
http://www.xinmedia.com/n/news_article.aspx?newsid=288008&type=0
More architecture tour information, here you go【Architecture Footprint】
http://www.xinmedia.com/n/featurestory_list.aspx?collectionid=111
More architecture works abroad, here you go 【International】
http://solomo.xinmedia.com/archi/news/International
Text & Photos／METAA
====================
Profile
Andre
A male Aries, loves learning new things and being nostalgic to old things. Academic background: Bachelor of Construction Engineering Department at National YunTech University, Taiwan and Diploma of
Graduate School of Business and Economics at University of Melbourne. With character of a little introvert, addicting to architecture, photography, tennis, Jazz music and saxophone and being the
translator of Xin Architecture/ International, reporter, holder of activities and international tour leader.
